phonological development

children make predictable pronunciation errors (not really 'errors' at all, when you stop to think about it) when they are learning to talk like adults. These 'errors' are called phonological processes, or phonological deviations. 

Phonological Processes in Typical Speech Development

Phonological Process Example   Description   Pre-vocalic voicing car = gar A voiceless sound preceding a vowel is replaced by a voiced sound. Word final devoicing red = ret A final voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant Final consonant deletion boat = bo A final consonant is omitted (deleted) from a word. Velar fronting car = tar A back sound is replaced by a front sound. Palatal fronting ship = sip sh or zh are replaced b y s or z respectively Consonant harmony cup = pup The pronunciation of a word is influenced by one of the sounds it 'should' contain. Weak syllable deletion telephone = teffone Weak (unstressed) syllables are deleted from words of more than one syllable. Cluster reduction try = ty A cluster element is deleted or replaced. Gliding of liquids ladder = wadder Liquids are replaced by glides. Stopping ship = tip A stop consonant replaces a fricative or affricate. easier sounds ; p, m, h, n, w, b, t, d. more difficult sounds; k, g, f, v, "ng" y,  r, l, s, "ch," "sh," j, "th" http://www.talkingkids.org/2011/04/speech-sounds-and-kids-part-2.html http://linguistlist.org/ask-ling/lang-acq.cfm http://www.education.com/reference/article/stages-language-development-first-words/

Example methodology
Language and technology ; paralinguistic features in text messages; similar age group and social class,possibly in the same friendship group (similar personalities) - compare the graphology patterns. Ethics : permission to use the texts from sender and receiver. Choosing a sample ; every other 5 texts - create the same conversation template and see how participants would respond to  basic questions.

Ideas for investigation/media text

1. language and power - language used by politicians; hows its different depending on the situation; how it changes depending on the subject of the speech; comparing speeches and conferences with other politicians or with the general public ; the imbalance of power ; how language it effected.

   

1.
G- Advertisement / notice
R- Informal
A- Students and staff of St.Brendan's
M- Multi-model 
P- Persuade
S- St. Brendan's page on Facebook

2.

G- Notice      

R- Informal    

A- athletic students

M- Multi-model  

P- persuade

S- Colleges Netball &

Rugby team.

1. Features ; 'Win Cinema tickets' 

The graphology of this poster is eye-catching as its multi-model and include different fonts and images, this helps the text be consumed as the audience see this poster in a hall way or on a wall , therefor they are probably going to walk past it, however because its eye-catching they'll stop and read it as it captures their attention. The poster uses imperative sentences for example 'win 2 cinema tickets plus popcorn and drinks', '... share us to enter' and 'like us on Facebook' by using short imperative sentences, not only does it provide simple instructions for the audience, it makes them feel obligated as the instructions come across demanding.

By the author using a logo on the corners of the page, it informs the audience that it is and official notice.

2. Features ; 'We need you'

The graphology of this poster is also eye-catching as is uses images and different color fonts, this is essential in catching the attention of the audience as it invited them to stop and consume the text. The poster also uses declarative sentences / synthetic personalisation as it directly addresses the audience and makes them feel obligated to take part, therefor its persuasive. Imperative sentences are used e.g. 'represent your college' this also makes the reader feel obligated. Rhetorical questions are used e.g. 'Do you enjoy playing Netball or Rugby' this helps the audience consume the text as the ask themselves the question. The image used is Mr.T standing in a pose that point towards the audience, this pose was used during the war, this suggests that the poster is subtly demanding the audience to at least read the text as it catches their attention. By the author using a logo on the corners of the page, it informs the audience that it is and official notice.

Twitter analysis

Genre
 Twitter is a blog/social networking site that uses hash tags to view worldwide public tweets about certain topics. Users can follow or be followed by as many users they want as well as subscribe or filter their timeline to view their favorite users updates and tweets. Being a social networking site, users can interact with each other as well as posting photos and updates as you would on a blog.
Audience
The intended audience are young adults / teens, however as it has similar features to a a blog many companies or people with media orientated jobs can use twitter for advertisement and promotions. Twitter has a wide range of uses therefore it doesn't have a specific targeted audience yet its main users are teenagers.
Purpose
Twitters main purpose is to entertain as users can interact using direct messaging and tweet whilst many celebrities or comedy pages post humorous pictures and tweets. Some celebrities use twitter as a source to promote products or events and many companies pay for advertisement. Twitter has many purposes as it is used for ; interaction/communication , advertisement/promotion and entertainment.

The guardian analysis

The guardian analysis

The guardian is essentially a website that provides daily news updates, however being a website, they provide multiple interactive features for the reader to use. With an informal register, The guardian includes a formal layout to suit the reader as it provides basic and straight forward navigation. The intended audience seems to be adults who are regular readers who check the news on a daily basis. The weather feature provided by The guardian only applies to London, this suggests that a majority of the readers are located in the London. The guardian uses a range of pictures and texts to attract the reader to certain features. The main purpose of the website would be to inform and entertain the readers yet as it is a website, its purpose is also to make their information and features easily accessible as readers can visit the website on any devise at any location. The website provides a navigation bar that categorises its text into subheadings in order for the reader to find what they want faster. By the navigation bars being prioritised it suggests that they order the options depending on what the readers usually intend to read first/ most popular or by what the editors want the readers to select.The website also provides breaking news, this means that their website is frequently updated and readers will rely on their website to get the latest updates. As the guardian provides a wide range of features and uses, they can attract a wide range readers to use their website. The list of options available allow the range of readers to find the feature they use and to also select and view any other features they might be interested in. The range of features provided, that are updated daily, allow the readers to visit the website daily to view new information.

Twitter article

 

Social networking blog

What makes Twitter different from the rest ?

 With over "500 million registered profiles" Twitter is now known as one of the most popular social networking sites. There are "100 million active twitter users" and 50% of them log in every day and rather than tweeting they "read news, click links and follow accounts". Time magazine states that Twitter "makes a terrible first impression" and asks "why does the world need this exactly?". Unlike Facebook rather than having to accept friends requests before they can view your posts, in this case tweets, you can view any ones posts (unless you have a private account). 

          "Twitter is many things: a social network, a short-form messaging service, a news wire, a tool for self-expression — even, some believe, a force for global political change.", according to Jeff Bercovici Twitter is used for many reasons. A well known aspect of twitter is its trends, when a 'hash tag' is regularly used they become a 'trend' and is accessible by users to join in and tweet using the particular 'hash tag', the trend list varies depending on location, however users worldwide are still able to participate in trends and are not restricted. For some people 100 million active users just isn't enough to compete, according to 'The Wall Street Journal' "Twitter has yet to become a daily habit for many people." as " It seems there are more people talking about Twitter than using it."

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2013/10/07/can-twitter-save-tv-and-can-tv-save-twitter/ 

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303492504579115753167390832.html 

Evaluation 

• I need to find out why twitter was created, its original purpose & targeted audience.
• I could of used examples from each text and compared them to show a range in opinion
• I can use small examples from sources and include my own ideas.